袁世凯飞龙纪念币

袁世凯飞龙纪念币
在钱币收藏界，袁世凯帝国洪宪纪元飞龙纪念币素负盛名，是银元家族中的名珍之一。这枚小小的银元用无声的语言，不仅全程记录了袁世凯在中国近代史上那段颇不光彩的复辟称帝、人民奋起反抗的历史，而且其设计出自意大利雕刻师鲁尔治.乔治之手，是乔治袁像系列银元设计中后一款的绝版之作，殊为珍罕。Inthecoincollectioncircle,FeilongcommemorativecoinsintheHongxianeraofYuanShikai'sChineseEmpirearerenownedasoneofthefamoustreasuresofthesilveryuanfamily.Thissmallsilverdollar,insilentlanguage,notonlyrecordsYuanShikai'sratherdisgracefulhistoryofrestoringemperorandpeople'srevoltinmodernChinesehistory,butalsoisdesignedbythefamousItaliansculptorRurgiGeorge.Itisthelastout-of-printworkintheseriesofsilverdollardesignsofGeorgeYuan.Forrarity.
随着各方面条件的成熟，袁世凯终野心暴露。民国四年（1915年）12月12日，袁世凯宣布接受帝位，复辟帝制，废除共和政体，改民国为帝国，废除民国纪年，改民国五年（1916年）为洪宪元年，史称“洪宪帝制”，同时改总统府为新华宫，开始大肆封官赐爵。为了庆祝1916年元旦正式加冕登基，袁世凯决定刻铸自己头像，铸制发行帝国洪宪纪元飞龙纪念币。该币由雕刻师鲁尔治·乔治雕制币模，并由天津造币厂铸制。乔治是一位注重艺术、不问政治的外籍币模雕刻师。他知道袁世凯登基做皇帝之事非同小可，但想不到这款飞龙纪念币竟是自己在中国袁像系列银元设计中后一款的绝版之作。他非常精心地设计了这款“袁世凯帝国洪宪纪元飞龙纪念币”。该币正面为袁世凯九分脸正面像及胸像，面部稍左侧。袁世凯身着大元帅服，头戴鹭羽高缨冠，胸前佩戴大勋章。背面中央为飞龙图案，上面镌“帝国”4字，下面镌“洪宪纪元”4字，而其飞龙图案有两翼，颇有西洋文化风格色彩，向左，一爪持定南针，天子当阳意也，一爪持五箭，五族一统意也，又有传统文化之深刻意涵。该币虽然有中西文化之融合，但总体设计带有明显的帝王色彩，故其设计独特，尤为精美。
Withthematurityofvariousconditions,YuanShikai'sultimateambitionwasexposed.OnDecember12,1915,YuanShikaideclaredacceptingthethrone,restoringthemonarchy,abolishingtheRepublicansystem,changingtheRepublicofChinaintotheChineseEmpire,abolishingtheRepublicofChina,changingthefiveyearsoftheRepublicofChina(1916)intothefirstyearofHongXian,historicallyknownasthe"HongXianEmperorSystem",andchangingthepresidentialpalaceintotheXinhuaPalace,andstartingtoconferranksandtitleswan***ordertocelebratetheofficialcoronationandaccessiontothethroneonNewYear'sDayin1916,YuanShikaidecidedtocarvehisownheadandissueFeilongcommemorativecoinsintheHongxianeraoftheChineseEmpire.ThecoinwascarvedbythefamoussculptorRuerzhiGeorgeandmintedbyTianjinMint.Georgeisanart-consciousforeigncurrencysculptor.HeknowsthatYuanShikai'sascensiontothethroneisnottrivial,buthedidnotrealizethatthisflyingdragoncommemorativecoinwashislastout-of-printworkinthesilverdollardesignoftheYuanportraitseriesinChina.Hecarefullydesignedthis"FeilongMemorialCoinoftheHongxianEraofYuanShikai'sChineseEmpire".ThefrontofthecoinisYuanShikai'snine-minutefaceandchest,slightlytotheleft.YuanShikaiwasdressedinmarshal'sclothes,wearingahighcrownofheronfeathersandabigmedalonhis***thecenterofthebackistheflyingdragonpattern,withthefourwords"EmpireofChina"onthetopandthefourwords"HongxianEra"onthebottom.Theflyingdragonpatternhastwowings,quitewesternculturalstyle,left-facing,oneclawholdingthesouthernneedle,theemperorholdingtheYangyi,oneclawholdingthefivearrows,theunificationofthefivenationalities,andtheprofoundmeaningofChinesetraditionalculture.DespitetheintegrationofChineseandWesterncultures,theoveralldesignofthecoinhasadistinctimperialcolor,soitsdesignisuniqueandparticularlyexquisite.

袁世凯帝国洪宪纪元飞龙纪念币铸制发行后，由于他背叛共和、复辟帝制，其倒行逆施的行为立刻激起了全国人民的公愤，一时间反帝制运动席卷全国。1915年12月25日，唐继尧、蔡锷、李烈钧在云南宣布独立，讨伐袁世凯背叛共和，护国战争爆发。袁世凯称帝的丑行使得北洋统治集团分崩离析，西方列强也表达了反对袁世凯称帝的立常袁世凯众叛亲离，内外交困，被迫在一片反对声中，于1916年3月22日宣布取消帝制。袁世凯共做了83天没有正式登基的皇帝梦，于两个多月后的1916年6月6日病死。洪宪飞龙纪念币即停止铸制发行，并收回熔毁。AfterthefoundingandissuanceofFeilongcommemorativecoinsintheHongxianeraofYuanShikai'sChineseEmpire,hisretrogradeactionsimmediatelyarousedthepublicindignationofthewholenationandtheanti-imperialistmovementsweptacrossthecountryforatimebecauseofhisbetrayaloftheRepublicandtherestorationofthemonarchy.OnDecember25,1915,TangJiyao,CaiEandLiLijundeclaredtheirindependenceinYunnanProvince,andattackedYuanShikai'sbetrayaloftheRepublicanParty,resultingintheoutbreakoftheWarofProtectingtheNation.TheuglinessofYuanShikai'sclaimofemperorledtothecollapseoftheNorthernOceanrulinggroup.WesternpowersalsoexpressedtheiroppositiontoYuanShikai'sclaimofemperor.YuanShikai,whohadbetrayedhisrelativesandlefthisfamily,wasforcedtofaceoppositionathomeandabroad.OnMarch22,1916,heannouncedtheabolitionofthemonarchy.YuanShikaihadadreamofemperorwhohadnotofficiallyascendedthethronefor83days,anddiedonJune6,1916,morethantwomonthslater.HongXian'sFeilongcommemorativecoinceasedtobemintedandissued,andwasrecoveredandmelteddown.
袁世凯帝国洪宪纪元飞龙纪念币不仅铸量稀少，存世极罕，是见证袁世凯复辟帝制、美梦破灭的一个重要实物资料，也是记载中国近代史上反抗封建帝制、恢复民主共和惊天动地伟大历史的一个深刻缩影，具有深远的历史研究意义，而且由于其设计的精美独特，是雕刻师鲁尔治·乔治的绝版之作，为民国初期机制币中的典型代表作之一，故成为钱币收藏界极为珍视的银元瑰宝。TheFeilongcommemorativecoinofYuanShikai'sChineseEmpireintheHongxianEraisnotonlyrareinquantityandrareinexistence,butalsoanimportantmaterialmaterialmaterialmaterialmaterialmaterialmaterialtowitnessYuanShikai'srestorationofimperialismandthedisillusionmentofhisdream.ItisalsoaprofoundmicrocosmofthegreathistoryofrevoltingagainstfeudalmonarchyandrestoringdemocraticrepublicanisminmodernChinesehistory.Becauseofitsuniquedesign,itistheout-of-printworkofthefamoussculptorRuerzhiGeorge,andisoneofthetypicalrepresentativeworksofthemachine-madecoinsintheearlyRepublicofChina.Therefore,ithasbecomeatreasureofsilvercoinsinthecoincollectioncircles.

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